Network topology

. In a network based on the tree topology:

A child can only directly communicate with its parent and with no other node in the network. A parent can only directly communicate with its children and with its own parent. While sending a message from one node to another, the message must travel from the source node up the tree to the nearest common ancestor and then down the tree to the destination node.

 Hybrid topology

The hybrid topology is not a basic topology. However, it can be a combination of two or more basic topologies, such as bus, ring, star, mesh, or tree. For example, a star network can be connected to another bus network, which is further connected to a ring network. This new network, formed by two or more sub-networks of different
topologies, will be of a hybrid topology.