The static keyword in
Java is used for memory management mainly. We can apply java static keyword
with variables, methods, blocks and nested class. The static keyword belongs to
the class than an instance of the class.
The static can be:
- Variable
(also known as a class variable)
- Method
(also known as a class method)
- Block
- Nested
class
1) Java
static variable
If you declare any variable as static, it is
known as a static variable.
- The
static variable can be used to refer to the common property of all objects
(which is not unique for each object), for example, the company name of
employees, college name of students, etc.
- The
static variable gets memory only once in the class area at the time of
class loading.
Advantages
of static variable
It makes your program memory
efficient (i.e., it saves memory).
2) Java
static method
If you apply static keyword with any method, it
is known as static method.
- A
static method belongs to the class rather than the object of a class.
- A
static method can be invoked without the need for creating an instance of
a class.
- A
static method can access static data member and can change the value of
it.
Restrictions
for the static method
There are two main restrictions for the static
method. They are:
- The
static method can not use non static data member or call non-static method
directly.
- this
and super cannot be used in static context.
Q) Why
is the Java main method static?
Ans) It is because the object is not required to
call a static method. If it were a non-static method, JVM creates an object
first then call main() method that will lead the problem of extra memory
allocation.
3) Java
static block
- Is
used to initialize the static data member.
- It
is executed before the main method at the time of classloading.
Q) Can we
execute a program without main() method?
Ans)
No, one of the ways was the static block, but it was possible till JDK 1.6.
Since JDK 1.7, it is not possible to execute a java class without the main
method.
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